Apple missed the early days of generative AI, but its lag behind the models is not enough to doom its strategy. Its approach relies on AI integrated into devices, powered by personal context, and capable of acting within apps, while the models can come from multiple providers.

The operational representation of the business becomes part of the execution system when it also guides software and AI agents. Its development is based first on observing work, and then on AI that helps organize, maintain, and evolve this representation in step with operations.

Artificial intelligence is transforming jobs less through its performance than through the new responsibilities it introduces. The experience of the aviation industry shows how automation leads to a rethinking of organization, supervision, training, and error management in order to maintain control over decision-making and collective learning.

Businesses’ growing reliance on AI is transforming it from a productivity tool into a business continuity issue. As processes adapt to AI’s capabilities, suppliers, infrastructure, costs, and human resources all become factors that must be managed in order to assess risks, test contingency plans, and determine acceptable levels of disruption.

In 1945, Boeing was looking for a leader, and the decision seemed relatively obvious. After all, the business built airplanes, thrived on engineering, and, since...

Financial figures for AI can paint very different pictures of the same business depending on the metric used. Annualized revenue, contracts signed, adjusted EBITDA, depreciation and amortization, and free cash flow each answer distinct questions. Comparing them helps us understand how future revenue, costs, and investments fit into different time frames.